This treaty ended the war and laid the foundation for modern international relations:
This was the first "all-European" war, involving most states of the continent. : The Habsburg Bloc : Austria and Spain (Catholic). This treaty ended the war and laid the
: France and Sweden gained significant lands; the independence of the Netherlands and Switzerland was officially recognized. This treaty ended the war and laid the
: Competition for control over trade routes and colonies. II. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) This treaty ended the war and laid the
: The war was devastating for Germany, which lost up to one-third of its population due to combat, famine, and disease. III. The Peace of Westphalia (1648)