Subtilis - Bacillus

: The cells are highly motile, utilizing peritrichous flagella (tails covering the entire surface) to move through liquids [2, 5].

: Formulated into dietary supplements for humans and additives for livestock to improve digestion, immune function, and gut microbiome balance [4, 8, 31, 34]. bacillus subtilis

: Used as a biopesticide and soil inoculant to promote plant growth, fix nitrogen, and suppress fungal pathogens like root rot [10, 13, 15]. : The cells are highly motile, utilizing peritrichous