: Linked to increased anxiety, depression, and substance abuse in adulthood.
: An estimated 1.2 billion children aged 0–18 years are subjected to corporal punishment at home each year. beating
: Research suggests children who are spanked are more likely to be physically aggressive and use violence against spouses later in life. Noteworthy Historical and Legal Cases : Linked to increased anxiety, depression, and substance
Major public incidents of "beating" have historically sparked national debates on civil rights and law enforcement. : Linked to increased anxiety