Electrophoresis -

The process relies on the principle that many biological molecules possess an electrical charge. When placed in an electric field, these molecules migrate toward the electrode with the opposite charge.

Though the concept is simple—using electricity to push molecules through a "filter"—electrophoresis is one of the most powerful techniques in modern science. It transformed biology from a descriptive field into a precise, molecular discipline, providing the visual evidence needed to map the human genome and solve complex medical mysteries. Electrophoresis

It is used to detect abnormal proteins in blood or urine, which can indicate conditions like multiple myeloma or hemoglobin disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia). The process relies on the principle that many

Uses narrow tubes instead of gels, allowing for high-speed separation and automation, commonly used in modern DNA sequencing. Real-World Applications It transformed biology from a descriptive field into

Molecules are loaded into a porous gel, typically made of agarose (for large DNA fragments) or polyacrylamide (for smaller DNA or proteins). This gel acts as a molecular sieve.

Researchers use it to isolate specific genes for cloning or to study mutations. Conclusion

An electrical current is applied. Since DNA and RNA are negatively charged due to their phosphate backbone, they migrate toward the positive electrode (anode).