: Scholars often link the film's themes of uncertain identity to Hong Kong's political status following its 1997 handover.
: Many papers serve as comparative studies, noting that while the plot remains similar, The Departed leans into overt violence while Infernal Affairs prioritizes internal tension and subtlety. Infernal Affairs(2002)
: Focuses on Tony Leung’s performance, arguing that cinematic techniques create an empathetic bond between the audience and the character's fluid identity. : Scholars often link the film's themes of