: The city's demographic began a slow shift from a predominantly Qizilbash Shia identity toward a Sunni Pashtun-led administration, a transition that defined the power structures of the modern Afghan state. 3. The Iron Amir and Early Modernization (1880–1919)
: This era saw the first "Afghan women's awakening," including the establishment of the Anjumān-i-ḥimāyat-i-niswān (Society for the Protection of Women) in 1928 and the opening of the first hospital and schools for women in Kabul. 5. Stability and Consolidation (1929–1948) Kabul: A History 1773-1948
This report outlines the historical evolution of Kabul between 1773 and 1948, a period defined by its transformation from a provincial Mughal resort into the bustling, modern capital of the Afghan state. The information is primarily drawn from May Schinasi’s definitive work, Kabul: A History 1773–1948 , which documents this era through the city’s architecture and urban development. : The city's demographic began a slow shift
: Amanullah sought to build a "New Kabul" south of the old city, headlined by the Darul Aman Palace , intended as a modern parliament building. : Amanullah sought to build a "New Kabul"
: During this time, Kabul was a "Persianized" city, with the walled Qizilbash district of Chendawol serving as a central hub of literacy and administrative power. 2. The Saduza’i and Muhammadza’i Eras (1793–1880)
: The city survived multiple British occupations during the First (1839–1842) and Second (1878–1880) Anglo-Afghan Wars. These conflicts often left the city’s infrastructure in ruins, including the destruction of the Great Bazaar in 1842.