: While it was the preferred term for much of the 20th century, it was largely replaced by " Black " during the 1960s Black Power Movement as a way to reclaim identity and counter historical labels [26].
: A concept that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, representing a shift toward education, refinement, and racial consciousness [15]. This was later solidified by Alain Locke’s 1925 anthology, The New Negro , which served as a foundational text for the Harlem Renaissance [2]. : While it was the preferred term for
A modern scholarly look at early Black authorship and "failed" literary projects [1, 10]. A modern scholarly look at early Black authorship
: In his essay The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain , Langston Hughes advocated for Black artists to express their "individual dark-skinned selves" without fear or shame, rejecting both white expectations and Black middle-class pressures to be "respectable" [14, 17]. Origins & Linguistic Shift 17]. Origins & Linguistic Shift