More details on reliability in CPA calculations
Recent research, such as that found on ScienceDirect and ResearchGate , suggests improving basic CPA by: Ocean CPA method.pdf
💡 While the basic CPA method provides a "point-in-time" safety check, modern ocean navigation requires combining CPA with Ship Domain models to ensure reliable collision avoidance in busy shipping lanes. If you'd like, I can provide: The specific mathematical formulas for DCPA and TCPA A summary of COLREG rules related to collision avoidance More details on reliability in CPA calculations Recent
): The vector difference between the own ship’s velocity and the target's velocity. Ocean CPA method.pdf