Phytotoxin

: Affect a broad range of plant species.

Phytotoxins are bioactive, poisonous substances produced naturally by plants or plant pathogens (such as bacteria and fungi). These complex compounds primarily serve as defensive agents against predators like insects and pests, or as tools for pathogens to invade and infect host plants. Types and Origins

: Secreted by fungi or bacteria to damage plant tissue, often resulting in symptoms like wilting, chlorosis (yellowing), or necrosis (tissue death). Host-Specific (HST) : Affect only specific plant genotypes. phytotoxin

Humans and animals can be exposed to phytotoxins through direct physical contact or by consuming contaminated food and water.

Phytotoxins and their involvement in plant diseases. Introduction : Affect a broad range of plant species

Phytotoxins can be classified based on their source and how they target plants:

: They belong to diverse chemical families, including alkaloids, terpenes, polyketides, peptides, and cyanogenic glycosides. Impact on Humans and Animals Types and Origins : Secreted by fungi or

: Used in plant-plant interactions to inhibit the growth of neighboring competitors.