: The book aims to prove that an evolutionary process (random mutation + selection) is exponentially faster than a random exhaustive search for solutions.

: Explores random walks in "software space" to find higher fitness levels.

: A highly simplified, mathematical version of biology where "organisms" are viewed as computer programs (software).

Published in 2012 by mathematician , Proving Darwin: Making Biology Mathematical proposes a new field called metabiology . Chaitin argues that for Darwin's theory to be scientifically rigorous, it requires a formal mathematical foundation rather than just empirical observation. Core Concepts