Modern structural design relies on three distinct but interconnected levels of optimization to refine concepts from initial sketches to final manufacturing:
: Defines the basic connectivity and "path" of a structure. It determines where material should exist and where holes should be placed within a given design space. Shape and Layout Optimization of Structural Sys...
: Techniques like the virtual load method that calculate how small changes in design variables affect the overall structure's performance. Modern structural design relies on three distinct but