The modern, rigid definition of Eastern Europe was forged in the 20th century. Following World War I, the collapse of the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires left a "shatter zone" of new nation-states. However, it was the aftermath of World War II that truly defined the region for the contemporary era. The "Iron Curtain" created a geopolitical bloc under Soviet influence, turning "Eastern Europe" into a synonym for the communist side of the Cold War. 4. Post-1989 Fluidity
The earliest "East-West" divide was religious. The Great Schism split Christendom between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East. This created a lasting cultural boundary; Western Europe inherited the Latin alphabet and legal traditions, while much of the East adopted the Cyrillic script and Byzantine political structures. 2. The Enlightenment and the "Other"
The concept of "Eastern Europe" is less a fixed geographic reality and more a shifting historical construct. Its origins are not found on a map, but in the evolving political, religious, and cultural fault lines of the last millennium. 1. The Great Schism (1054)
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