: Found at high elevations on mountains worldwide, above the tree line where overnight temperatures fall below freezing.

: Located in the Northern Hemisphere, encircling the North Pole and extending south to the boreal forests of the taiga.

: Winters are long and dark, with temperatures dropping as low as , while brief summers remain cool, typically between

There are three primary types of tundra, each defined by its geography and climate:

: With less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of annual precipitation, the tundra is functionally a "cold desert". Learning from the tundra - Schoodic Institute