: This influential concept suggests that if altruism is favored when individuals are more likely to interact with those like them (assortative), spite is favored when they interact with those unlike them (dis-assortative). 2. Spite and the Evolution of Fairness
One of the most counterintuitive findings is that spite might be necessary for "fairness" to exist in human society. : This influential concept suggests that if altruism
Spite is a fascinating subject because it defies the standard biological and economic models of "rational" behavior. While altruism helps others at a cost to oneself, is an action that harms others while also incurring a cost to the actor . Spite is a fascinating subject because it defies
: This paper on PMC argues that spiteful motives are the "dark side of cooperation," providing the psychological force needed to maintain social norms and punish "free-riders". 3. Spite in Nature (Beyond Humans) it's a calculated biological strategy.
Spite isn't just a human personality trait; it's a calculated biological strategy.
